5 Tips To Prevent Measles Encephalitis.
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness that can lead to serious complications and death, particularly in young children.
Measles can affect the nervous system and cause serious complications such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a rare but fatal degenerative disease of the central nervous system that can occur years after a person has had measles.
In a recent (2023 January) Measles outbreak in Banke district, a 31-month-old toddler died and more than 30 felt sick (Source: https://tkpo.st/3CnKPJS). We do not know the exact cause of death, but it could have been due to severe measles encephalitis.
Encephalitis can occur in about 1 out of 1,000 cases of measles and can lead to seizures, hearing loss, and intellectual disability. SSPE is a rare complication that occurs in about 1 out of 100,000 cases of measles and typically develops several years after the acute infection.
SSPE is characterized by progressive neurological symptoms such as personality changes, cognitive decline, and movement disorders. Measles can also cause aseptic meningitis, which is inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.
As neurologists, we come across few cases of measles encephalitis/SSPE in our clinical practice. The mortality rate for measles encephalitis is about 1-2%.
Here are the five (05) tips that can help reduce Measles transmission and protect Measles encephalitis:
Tip #1 - Get vaccinated
The MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine is highly effective in preventing measles and is recommended for all children and adults who are not already immune. This is the most important step in reducing the risk of developing measles encephalitis.
Tip #2 - Seek medical attention if you suspect measles
If you suspect that you or a family member has measles, seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early treatment can help to reduce the risk of complications, including encephalitis.
"Measles is not a trivial disease. It's a highly contagious and serious disease that can lead to serious complications and death, particularly in young children. However, it is a preventable disease through vaccination. " – Dr. Anthony Fauci
Tip #3 - Practice good hygiene
Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, and avoid close contact with individuals who have measles. This will help to prevent the spread of the virus and decrease the chance of getting infected.
Tip #4 - Keep your living space clean
Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated with the measles virus, such as doorknobs, toys and other frequently touched items.
Tip #5 - Be aware of measles outbreaks in your area
Be aware of any measles outbreaks in your area, and take extra precautions if you are in an area with a high number of cases. This includes getting vaccinated if you are not already immune and avoiding contact with individuals who have measles.
It's also worth noting that people who have been vaccinated or have had measles before are considered immune and cannot transmit it to others.
In Conclusion
Measles encephalitis is a serious complication of the measles virus that can lead to severe brain damage and even death. The best way to prevent measles and its complications is through vaccination with the MMR vaccine which is highly effective. It is recommended for all children and adults who are not already immune. Other preventative measures include practicing good hygiene and avoiding close contact with individuals who have measles. If you suspect you or a family member has measles, seek medical attention immediately as early treatment can help reduce the risk of complications. Be aware of measles outbreaks in the area and take extra precautions if in an area with a high number of cases.
Measles encephalitis is not a serious condition.
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